An Investigation of Nurses' Awareness and Adherence to Hand Hygiene Protocols in National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu
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Background of the Study
Hand hygiene is a fundamental aspect of infection control in healthcare settings. The World Health Organization (WHO) has established hand hygiene protocols as an essential measure to reduce healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and improve patient safety (WHO, 2024). Compliance with these protocols among nurses is critical in preventing the spread of infections, particularly in high-risk environments such as orthopedic hospitals where post-surgical infections are common.
Despite extensive awareness campaigns, studies indicate that adherence to hand hygiene practices among healthcare workers remains suboptimal, leading to increased infection rates (Okonkwo et al., 2023). Various factors, including workload, availability of hand sanitizers, and institutional policies, influence compliance levels. This study seeks to assess nurses' awareness of hand hygiene protocols and their adherence levels in National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu.
Statement of the Problem
Healthcare-associated infections remain a major challenge in Nigerian hospitals, contributing to prolonged hospital stays, increased medical costs, and higher morbidity rates (Adeboye et al., 2023). While hand hygiene is one of the most effective preventive measures, poor adherence among nurses has been identified as a contributing factor to infection outbreaks.
At National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, there is limited empirical data on the level of nurses' compliance with hand hygiene protocols. This study investigates whether nurses are fully aware of these guidelines and whether they consistently adhere to them in clinical practice.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess nurses' awareness of hand hygiene protocols in National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu.
- To evaluate the level of adherence to hand hygiene practices among nurses.
- To identify barriers to compliance with hand hygiene protocols in the hospital.
Research Questions
- What is the level of nurses' awareness regarding hand hygiene protocols?
- To what extent do nurses adhere to hand hygiene practices?
- What are the challenges preventing nurses from complying with hand hygiene protocols?
Research Hypotheses
- Nurses' awareness of hand hygiene protocols is not significantly high.
- Nurses do not significantly adhere to hand hygiene protocols.
- There are no significant barriers to hand hygiene compliance among nurses.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on nurses at National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, particularly those working in surgical and critical care units. Limitations may include self-reported data bias and variations in hospital resources for hygiene compliance.
Definitions of Terms
- Hand Hygiene: The practice of cleaning hands using soap and water or hand sanitizers to prevent infections.
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs): Infections acquired by patients during hospital stays due to inadequate hygiene practices.
- Adherence: The extent to which nurses comply with established hand hygiene guidelines.
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